Which ethical principle describes the obligation to do no harm?

• A. Beneficence
• B. Nonmaleficence
• C. Autonomy
• D. Justice

Answer: (B)

Nonmaleficence is the obligation to do no harm. In nursing, this means avoiding actions or omissions that could injure the patient and carefully weighing risks before intervening. It’s about preventing harm from procedures, medications, or neglect, and ensuring safeguards are in place to protect the patient from unnecessary harm. For example, when a treatment carries significant risk, the nurse evaluates whether the potential benefit justifies that risk and monitors for adverse effects if the treatment proceeds.

Beneficence is about actively promoting the patient’s good and well-being, which can involve taking steps to benefit the patient, not just avoiding harm. Autonomy focuses on respecting the patient’s right to make informed choices about their own care. Justice concerns fairness in distributing care and resources.