Utilitarianism is also known as which philosophical approach that emphasizes the outcome or consequence of actions?

• A. Consequentialism
• B. Deontology
• C. Virtue ethics
• D. Ethics of care

Answer: (A)

The key idea here is judging morality by the results of actions. Utilitarianism focuses on the outcomes, aiming to maximize good or happiness, so it fits within the broader view called consequentialism. Consequentialism is the name for ethical theories that evaluate actions based on their consequences, rather than on rules or intentions alone. That’s why it’s the best match for describing utilitarianism.

Other theories approach morality differently. Deontology bases right action on duties and predefined rules, regardless of the outcome. Virtue ethics centers on the character and virtues of the person performing the action. Ethics of care emphasizes relationships and caring responsibilities in moral decision-making. In practical terms, a consequentialist perspective asks whether an action will produce the best overall result, whereas the others would assess the action through duties, character traits, or relational obligations rather than outcomes.